Reports Archives - End Fuel Poverty Coalition

Critically low energy usage hits fuel poor during cold weather

Some of the UK’s poorest households use 21% less energy during cold weather than other households, leaving them exposed to potentially dangerous cold damp homes, according to new research.

Research also finds that households on smart prepayment meters could not stay warm when it got really cold and became disconnected from their energy.

Those most affected were households identified as vulnerable and listed on the Priority Services Register – the sick, disabled, elderly and young.

The analysis has been conducted by a group of academics from the UCL Energy Institute, University of Oxford Environmental Change Institute and Cambridge Architectural Research.

Eoghan McKenna of the UCL Energy Institute said:

“We know that these fuel poor households are living in colder homes, and that they cut back on their heating in response to the rise in energy prices.”

Academics found that the poorest households are those least able to respond to the coldest weather and examined the Cold Weather Payments system. This pays out £25 to eligible households after there has been a week of below freezing weather, but was found that it covered less than half the extra cost of keeping warm during a cold snap.

The scheme was condemned by a House of Commons Energy Committee report as “an outdated, old-fashioned scheme.”

As reported exclusively in the Mirror, the new paper recommends that an Extreme Weather Payment system is set up that credits the energy account of all eligible households on every day that the Met Office declares the minimum temperature will be -4 degrees Celsius or lower on the following day.

The payment of £10 per day would be made in advance of the cold weather, on a daily basis. It should be available to all vulnerable households to offset the extra cold and existing fuel poverty.

Dr Tina Fawcett of the Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University, said:

“This simple change, which will not be expensive, will help households stay warm when it really matters. It will ensure the Government can deliver the right support at the right time.”

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“Exposure to critically low levels of energy use in fuel poor households means that they are not heating their homes to an adequate level – leaving them to live in cold, damp conditions.

“While energy saving through better insulation and ventilation of properties is part of the long term solution to people living in cold damp homes, we need emergency support for households for foreseeable winters.

“For a Chancellor suffering from the political fallout from the Winter Fuel Payment cuts, a modern, updated, compassionate level of support during cold weather should be an obvious step to take.”

Jason Palmer from Cambridge Architectural Research and UCL added:

“It is extremely worrying that households in fuel poverty are cutting energy use compared to other households when it is coldest. This puts their health, and ultimately their lives, at risk.”

ENDS

Brief report available to download: Cold Weather Payments Analysis

Winter fuel payment cuts set to hit 84% of disabled pensioners

Over four-fifths (84%) of older people with a long-term health condition or disability claim they will no longer get Winter Fuel Payments according to new research. [1]

The figures, reported in the Daily Express, suggest that one in five (19%*) people who have long-term health conditions or disabilities, are over 66 and say they will no longer likely get Winter Fuel Payments claim that they are worried about their own safety because of the risks of living in a cold damp home this winter. This compares with 17% of the general public and 14% of all over 65s.

The figures* also indicate that those respondents who claim they are no longer eligible for Winter Fuel Payments and have a physical disability are more likely to live in a home that is often cold and damp than the general population.

81% of older people who are already worried about cold and damp in their own homes claim they will not get Winter Fuel Payments.

While owner occupiers are most likely to no longer get Winter Fuel Payments, 77% of older people who rent will miss out, with those in social housing* especially affected by the cuts.

Commenting on the figures, a spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“The data is yet another warning sign. The indications are that older people who no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment are more likely to suffer in cold damp homes this winter than the general public.

“For those pensioners with a physical disability, the situation is potentially even worse. Many do not have access to the means tested benefits needed to claim the Winter Fuel Payment and the Government must urgently assess the impact on this group in particular and provide more support for them.

“Until the Government fully implements its plans to improve insulation and ventilation of buildings as well as stabilise energy costs, vulnerable households will continue to need financial support.

“That’s why the Winter Fuel Payments were so important. The money provided help for older households to stay warm each winter. Sadly, now more older people are expected to live in cold damp homes this winter and this puts them at greater risk of ill health, with over quarter of a million older people becoming so ill they will be forced to the doors of the NHS.”

James Taylor, Scope’s executive director of strategy and social change, said:

“These findings are a shocking indictment of a plan that will leave older disabled people in an impossible situation this winter.

“Life already costs more when you’re disabled. Higher electricity bills because of medical equipment to power. Higher heating bills because of health conditions affected by the cold.

“Since the start of this crisis, we’ve heard from disabled people who are going without heating and forgoing medical treatment. Sacrifices that put their health at risk.

“While some disabled pensioners receive pension credit, there are an alarming number who will miss out this winter. We’d urge anyone who thinks they could be eligible to apply, or to get in touch with our helpline for advice.

“We desperately need a longer-term solution for the eye-watering energy costs many disabled people face, which is why we’re calling for the government to bring in discounted bills for disabled households.”

ENDS

[1] Winter Fuel Payment research by Opinium (undertaken 7-8 Oct 2024, sample of 2,014, weighted to be politically and nationally representative).

Among respondents aged over 66, 88% say they do not receive a qualifying benefit and, therefore, will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment in winter 2024/25. 2% preferred not to answer or did not know, leaving 10% saying they are on a qualifying benefit.

2024 voting behaviour

90% of Labour voters aged over 66 claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

89% of Conservative voters aged over 66 claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

96% of Lib Dem voters aged over 66 claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment*

80% of Reform voters aged over 66 claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

Region

93% of Scots aged over 66 claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment*

91% of people aged over 66 and living in southern England claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

88% of people aged over 66 and living in London claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment*

87% of people aged over 66 and living in the English Midlands claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

85% of people aged over 66 and living in northern England claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment

81% of people aged over 66 and living in Wales or Northern Ireland claim they will no longer get the Winter Fuel Payment*

* indicates that the base sample is below 50 and caution should be taken in using or reporting on this figure with more detailed research required to confirm the findings.

Cold damp homes cost to NHS estimated as energy price cap rises

New estimates predict that cuts to the winter fuel payment could lead to increased costs to the NHS. [1]

The analysis, first reported in the Daily Express, suggests that in 2024, the total cost to the NHS for treating pensioners in cold, damp homes may reach at least £1.5bn a year, with c.2.3m older people living in poor housing conditions.

Within these figures, an estimated 262,000 pensioners will live in cold damp homes due to the decision to axe winter fuel payments. This alone could cost the health service more than £169m a year, the research suggests.

The news comes as energy bills are set to increase for all households by 10% from 1 October.

This will leave the average household paying around 65% more for their energy than in winter 2020/21 and comes on top of years of the wider cost of living crisis, meaning households have less ability to pay these high prices. Energy debt has now hit £3.7bn according to Ofgem figures published last week.

For pensioners who previously had winter fuel payments, but now miss out, energy prices will seem higher than at any point in their lives. Those missing out on Winter Fuel Payments this year include 1.2m pensioners in absolute poverty and 1.6m disabled older people.

As personal finance experts point out, the increase in the triple lock does not replace the winter fuel payment and Uswitch.com estimate 752,000 older people will not use heating at all this winter.

Among the wider public, National Energy Action has calculated that around half of households will be rationing their energy use.

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition commented:

“We’re now heading into the fourth winter of sky high energy prices, meaning the average household will have paid more than £2,500 extra for their energy than had we not been so exposed to volatile energy markets.

“For older people who previously received the winter fuel payment, but will no longer do so under the Chancellor’s new rules, the situation is even worse.

“The long term way to reduce the costs to the NHS of people living in cold damp homes is to improve insulation and ventilation of buildings as well as stabilise energy costs by getting the country away from being hooked on volatile gas prices.

“But until the Government fully implements its positive plans in these areas, vulnerable households will continue to need financial support. That’s why the Winter Fuel Payments were so important, the money provided help for older households to stay warm each winter.

“Sadly, now more older people are expected to live in cold damp homes this winter and this puts them at greater risk of ill health, meaning the costs to the NHS will soar.”

Caroline Simpson, Warm This Winter campaign spokesperson added:

“This 10 percent price cap rise is yet another blow that households can ill afford, especially when energy companies are raking in billions in profits every week.

“People want to see a transition to renewables, they want to see an end to being reliant on unscrupulous gas giants which is leading to them having to choose between eating and heating and frankly that money needs to go back in people’s pockets.

“That’s why we are pleased this government is taking great steps to end the broken energy system they inherited, but they must also help households who simply cannot afford to continue paying 65% more than they were three years ago on energy bills and look at help such as a social tariff. If they’re looking at how to fund it, these profiteering energy companies would be a good place to start.”

Jan Shortt, general secretary of the National Pensioners Convention, said:

“The loss of the winter fuel allowance for the majority of older people clearly puts them at risk. It is a known fact that older people require warmth and a stable temperature to maintain their health.

“Living in cold, damp homes heightens the risk of strokes, heart disease, respiratory conditions and generally harms the rest of the body.

It therefore follows that the risk of overwhelming the NHS in winter is high and the cost of dealing with the consequences of the Government decision will be felt throughout the NHS and care sectors.”

Age UK charity director Caroline Abrahams added:

“We’re hearing from older people worried about how they will cope without their winter fuel payment, including many on low and modest incomes who are planning to ration their heating this winter because they’re frightened how they’ll manage this winter.

“For an older person to be forced to live in a cold home is deeply worrying because it’s very bad for their health, especially if they are living with lung or heart conditions or are very frail.

“The consequences for them could be severe and we’re sure that we’ll see more older people going to hospital this winter as a result – the last thing they or the NHS needs.

“The Government must do more at the Budget to ensure pensioners can navigate the coming cold months safely and with their health intact, or the consequences will be felt by older people and the NHS.”

Morgan Vine, head of policy and influencing at Independent Age, warned that living in a cold and damp home can have “very serious implications” for OAPs:

“Many of the older people on a low income we speak to tell us they were already cutting back on heating before the announcement to means test the winter fuel payment.

“With the reality of now losing hundreds of pounds this winter, many have shared they will be making severe cutbacks including not turning the heating on at all.

“Others have told us they will reduce the amount they eat so they can turn the heating on for a few hours a day.

“It is unacceptable that people in later life are having to make dangerous sacrifices as we approach the colder months, and we are concerned that the demand for NHS services could increase as a result.”

ENDS

[1] Estimates and calculations available online in this pdf. The research was first reported in the Daily Express on 29/30 September 2024.

Ministers urged to review nine nightmare energy rules

Ministers should send a clear signal that they are on the side of consumers by reviewing nine sets of rules, according to campaigners.

As households count down to the next Ofgem price cap announcement on Friday (23 August), an analysis of recommendations from previous Warm This Winter Tariff Watch Reports [pdf] has identified ways regulators could cut bills.

While six recommendations from a series of Warm This Winter Tariff Watch Reports published during 2023 and 2024 have been implemented by Ofgem, a further nine proposals have not been acted on.

Chief among them are recommendations to bring down standing charges, cap exit fees and improve governance of the energy industry. [1]

The standing charge reforms could see a reduction in these annual charges on households by £152.06 (46% from £334.08 a year to £183.02).

Delivering these changes would require changes to Ofgem regulations and Government funding as well as action taken to protect low income and high usage households, such as those who rely on energy for medical needs.

This could include the introduction of a social tariff, which is backed by well over half the population according to recent polling by Opinium, and could be paid for through contributions from energy industry profits (producers, networks and suppliers).

Meanwhile, the loose regulation on exit fees has left bill payers at risk of being stuck on expensive fixed rate energy tariffs or with poor customer service as the cost of leaving a fixed tariff early would leave the household out of pocket.

Exit fees on energy bills have increased by 345% in the last three years. Around three million UK households have opted for fixed energy tariffs and the latest Warm This Winter Tariff Watch report shows that the majority have exit fees of more than £100. A snapshot taken in April 2024 found that 76% of fixed tariffs have annual costs above the Ofgem price cap.

Other rules which have been highlighted in Tariff Watch reports include a lack of transparency in energy firm ownership which has seen British households boost the profits of Chinese and Qatari Government-backed funds as the cost of the gas network has surged 38%.

Questions were also raised about the profits being made by energy firms due to an underinvestment in electricity infrastructure and 14 obscure charges to households’ electric bills.

Simon Francis, coordinator of the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“These suggestions must be part of a road map to bring down energy bills, improve transparency in the industry and reset Britain’s broken energy system so it is on the side of consumers.

“While these changes to regulation won’t be enough to resolve all the problems we see, it would signal a welcome change in direction.

“We know the Government has the ambition to bring down bills in the long term, but it also needs to look at shorter term measures too.

“Ministers can earn the public’s trust by protecting vulnerable households, reducing energy debt, bringing in changes to energy meters, ramping up insulation programmes, reforming standing charges and ending energy industry profiteering.”

Fiona Waters, spokesperson for the Warm This Winter campaign which commissioned the reports, said:

“The new government has inherited a nightmare set of rules that are clear hurdles to creating the fairer energy system that the public are crying out for.

“With energy bills forecast to increase again in October, this problem is only going to get worse if new ministers do not step in now. Now is the time to bring back fairness with urgent action to support struggling households through the next winter and a commitment to end profiteering by properly taxing the wider energy industry.”

Dylan Johnson, from Future Energy Associates which compiled the reports, added:

“More can and should be done by the energy regulators.

“Overall, Ofgem must become more proactive in identifying problems with our energy system and more efficient in enacting the necessary changes to protect the most vulnerable in our society.

“For now, Ofgem must implement immediately actionable solutions and not shy away from making the key long-term decisions that can achieve a fairer, greener energy system.”

ENDS

Recommendations Addressed by Ofgem / Government (edition of Tariff Watch):

Convergence of PPM and Direct Debit Prices (TW1): Ofgem implemented a levelling charge, balancing the standing charges between PPM and Direct Debit customers.
Review of Wholesale Energy Allowances (TW1): Ofgem conducted a thorough review and concluded no systematic differences in costs.
Reduction on EBIT Allowance (TW1): Ofgem revised the EBIT allowance to include both fixed and variable components.
Market Stabilisation Charge (MSC) Removal (TW1): The MSC expired on March 31, 2024.
Consumer Standards Consultation (TW2): Ofgem announced reforms to improve customer service, effective December 2023.
New Prepayment Meter Rules (TW2): Ofgem set conditions for PPM installations, effective November 8, 2023, although these did not go far enough in addressing the concerns of all campaigners.

Recommendations Not Addressed by Ofgem / Government:

Transparency in Cost Calculations (TW3a, TW3b): Ofgem has not improved the transparency or provided detailed breakdowns and machine-readable data formats for DNO and gas network costs.
Clearer Explanations for Shifting DUoS and TNUoS Costs (TW3a): Ofgem has initiated a review but has not provided clear explanations or justified the cost shifts.
Addressing Chronic Underspending by DNOs (TW3a): It remains unclear what specific actions Ofgem is taking to ensure adequate investment by DNOs.
Dynamic Approach to Line Losses Calculation (TW3a): Ofgem has not implemented a dynamic framework for line losses.
Management of Gas Network Decommissioning Costs (TW3b): Ofgem has acknowledged the issue but has not detailed specific steps to manage decommissioning costs.
Ownership and Ethical Considerations (TW3b): Ofgem has not outlined specific actions to scrutinise and align gas network ownership with national security and ethical standards.
Cap on Exit Fees (TW4): Ofgem has not implemented measures to cap exit fees or improve their transparency.
Shift Costs from Standing Charges to Unit Rates (Standing Charge Report): Ofgem has closed their call for input on standing charges, but no further steps have been taken to move adjustment allowances, headroom allowances, profit allowances, payment uplift, and levelling costs entirely to the unit rate section of the bill.
Shift Policy Costs from Standing Charges to General Taxation (Standing Charge Report): While the Labour Party has indicated a willingness to broadly address standing charges in their manifesto, no concrete steps have been taken yet to move policy costs from standing charges to general taxation.

The full report is available to download. Previous Tariff Watch reports can be downloaded from the reports and correspondence section of the EFPC website.

Changes could halve energy standing charges

A new discussion paper that would see energy standing charges reduced has been published by campaigners.

Future Energy Associates have identified how standing charges for every household with electricity and gas connections could plummet from £334.08 a year to £183.02 – a reduction of almost half (£152.06 / 46%).

For electricity the standing charge would reduce from £219.42 to £149.17 per year (32% reduction) and for gas the standing charge would reduce from £114.66 to £33.85 per year (71% drop).

The analysts identified that up to £5bn a year of costs on energy bills could be moved to general taxation. Policy makers could remove these costs from all bills, which would bring down electricity unit rates as well or (for a lower cost to the Treasury of around £200m a year) remove the costs just from vulnerable low income households with high energy needs.

The options paper commissioned by the Warm This Winter campaign includes moves to:

Transfer five elements of standing charges (the adjustment allowance, headroom allowance, profit allowance, payment uplift and levelling costs) entirely to the unit rates.
Shift some policy costs to general taxation.
Revise the ratio of operating costs paid through standing charges versus unit rates to increase the amount on unit costs, thereby delivering an incentive to the energy market to drive down excess costs such as marketing.
Reduce the standing charge elements of network costs by 10%, funded by excess shareholder profits.
If all these options were taken together (i.e. changes to standing charges and unit costs) these proposals would reduce the total energy bill for the average household by £214.22 a year.

Dylan Johnson, one of the analysts involved in the report, said:

“The comprehensive changes we have suggested would bring down standing charges and could also mitigate negative distributional impacts of standing charge reform previously identified by Ofgem. We would urge new ministers to meet with industry, consumer groups and experts to analyse how we can change standing charges in a way that is fair to all households.”

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“Standing charges are an unfair flat tax on every energy consumer. Every household pays through the nose just to be connected to the grid, even if they use no energy.

“In the past there has been caution about reform due to the potential impact of change on households with a high dependency on energy for medical needs, we still need further detailed analysis of these options by Ofgem to ensure that this group is not penalised.

“However, this report does indicate that reform of standing charges may actually be possible in a fair way. It will need Ofgem, the next Government, energy industry and consumer groups to work together to make it happen. The prize of cutting standing charges in half before this winter should be one which new Ministers seize upon.”

Jonathan Bean from Fuel Poverty Action added:

“Millions of us are suffering energy starvation due to high standing charges that leave no money for heating, hot water or power. Many on prepayment meters get cut off. This cruel energy system needs urgent reform by the new Government.”

Warm This Winter spokesperson Fiona Waters said:

“The energy crisis has already left bill payers £2,500 out of pocket since it started three years ago and we know energy bills will go up again in October.

“People up and down the country are literally at breaking point, are still paying 50 percent more for energy and at the heart of these unfair bills are the standing charges. The public are crying out for action now.

“The next UK Government will need to act quickly, bring down bills for good, end energy debt, improve housing standards through insulation and ventilation and also make Britain a clean energy superpower so we are not at the mercy of profiteering global oil and gas giants.”

For customers in energy debt, campaigners have also called for a universal, consistent, nationwide, debt matching programme funded by the £1.3bn customers are paying through bills for energy debt costs this year.

ENDS

Standing Charge Reduction Analysis by Future Energy Associates is available to download: https://www.endfuelpoverty.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Standing_Charges_Final.pdf

Energy debt causing households to live in fear of loan sharks

Households in energy debt are turning to illegal money lenders to pay for their bills and everyday essentials, according to new research shared with the House of Commons Energy Security and Net Zero Committee today.

Research among households in energy debt by the Warm This Winter campaign, found that almost one in five (18%) have turned to illegal money lending sources in the last 12 months. [1]

Among younger households in debt the situation is even worse, with a quarter (24%) of under 35s and a third (32%) of customers aged 35-44 turning to illegal money lending.

In the next 12 months, the illegal debt mountain is due to grow with two-thirds of households in energy debt due to look for more sources of money. While many will turn to credit cards (27%) and overdrafts (14%), 20% will borrow from family and 14% will turn to illegal money lenders.

The impact on households is that 13% of customers in energy debt owe money to someone they are frightened of. This figure rises to 18% among those living with long-term illness and in households with young children under the age of 5.

Simon Francis, coordinator of the End Fuel Poverty Coalition gave evidence to the Committee and presented them with the research findings:

“The findings are horrific and worse than experts had feared.

“Energy debt is forcing households to wake up in the morning scared of the consequences of using electricity or gas.

“Energy bills and energy debt are a fundamental part of our broken energy system which has led to the cold damp homes crisis we saw this winter.

“The long term solutions are obviously wider than changes to standing charges and tariff reform. We need to see more insulation, ventilation, unblocked cheaper renewables and weaning ourselves off oil and gas to improve energy security.”

The Committee also heard that Time of Use tariffs, one of the main proposed solutions to high energy bills, risk leaving behind millions of households. Research by Survation for campaign group 38 Degrees found that over half (54%) of the public may become energy exiles – unable to access the latest market innovations due to their household circumstances. [2]

Veronica Hawking, acting campaigns director at 38 Degrees said:

“This research shows millions could miss out on time-specific tariffs designed to lower bills, through absolutely no fault of their own. This includes people who rely on energy for medical needs, who need to leave the house at a regular time of day, or who can’t access a smart meter.

“That’s why it’s crucial that any changes to our broken energy system must be underpinned by a social tariff, and why the government’s U-turn on a social tariff consultation was a huge missed opportunity. Whoever forms the next government must make it an absolute priority.”

As well as introducing a social tariff and banning discriminatory energy tariffs, the Committee heard recommendations on tackling the energy debt crisis. These included:

A universal, consistent, nationwide, debt matching programme funded by the £1.3bn customers are paying through our bills for energy debt costs this year.
A ban on energy firms from selling on debt to debt collectors.
Better regulation of energy debt with energy debt and debt collection agencies used by energy firms to be subject to Financial Conduct Authority rules.
More training for energy firms’ staff in recognising illegal money lending.
Reforms to standing charges, including their abolition for prepayment meter customers if certain conditions are met. [3]

Warm This Winter spokesperson Fiona Waters said:

“We like to think of ourselves as a civilised society but surely having heat and power is a fundamental human right for everyone and the idea that people are so desperate they are turning to dangerous loan sharks is horrific.

“It’s extremely worrying to see a quarter of under 35 year-olds in energy debt have no way out other than turning to illegal money lending. This is setting themselves up for a lifetime of being at the mercy of loan sharks and their ilk and I dread to think of the impact this has on young families.

“We need a government that won’t abandon people with unaffordable energy bills and will instead invest in permanent solutions, like home insulation and homegrown renewable energy.”

Jonathan Bean, from Fuel Poverty Action added:

“Energy inequality is growing to dangerous levels, with millions of us starved of energy or forced into dangerous borrowing. We need a fairer system where everyone is safe, and has access to cheap renewable energy.”

ENDS

[1] Research was conducted among 500 people across the UK living with energy debt. The interviews were conducted online by Sapio Research between April and May 2024 using an email invitation and an online survey.

Results of any sample are subject to sampling variation. The magnitude of the variation is measurable and is affected by the number of interviews and the level of the percentages expressing the results. In this particular study, the chances are 95 in 100 that a survey result does not vary, plus or minus, by more than 4.4 percentage points from the result that would be obtained if interviews had been conducted with all persons in the universe represented by the sample. Sample was selected from Online partner panels.

[2] Survation polling for 38 Degrees. Survation polled 2,018 members of the general public, online between 26-29 April. Data were weighted to the profile of individuals aged 18+ in UK. Data were weighted by age, sex, region, ethnicity, education level, and annual household income. The total includes those who are unable to access smart meters, rely on energy for medical or disability needs, have inefficient heating or who are unable to control when they use electrical appliances.

[3] Campaigners have called for reform of standing charges so that:

Investment and all policy costs are moved onto general taxation (and an end to the Ofgem “float and true up process”)
Reductions in marketing, operating, headroom and EBIT allowances for suppliers and moving marketing and operating costs onto unit charges to improve market competitiveness.
Review the £30bn profits in the network and transmission sector and examine the impact of moving network costs onto unit charges.
After reforms and reductions in charges, the end to PPM standing charges should be possible, subject to further analysis and equalities impact assessments.

Energy profits hit £420bn in recent years as standing charges rise

Energy giants have pocketed over £420 billion in profits since the energy crisis started according to a new analysis of company reports. [1]

Researchers examined the declared profits of firms ranging from energy producers (such as Equinor and Shell) through to the firms that control our energy grid (such as National Grid, UK Power Networks and Cadent) as well as suppliers (such as British Gas).

Around £30 billion of these profits (the equivalent of over £1,000 per household) are thought to be made by the firms and business units responsible for electricity and gas transmission and distribution.

These are the “network costs” consumers pay for maintaining the pipes and wires of the energy system and are usually paid for through standing charges on energy bills.

Electricity standing charges have surged in recent years and from 1 April will be 147% higher than in 2021 – powered by fees such as the 14 hidden charges on every bill for network costs.

Gas standing charges have increased by 15% since 2021, but a recent report for the Warm This Winter campaign found that the network costs for gas are charged differently, through both gas unit costs and standing charges.

Researchers found that the estimated price each household contributes on gas network costs has risen from £118.53 a year in 2021 to £163.69 a year from 1 April 2024 (a 38% increase).

From 1 April the costs that households pay for every unit of energy they use will decrease slightly – but are still almost double what they were in 2021. But standing charges will rise. Compared to the previous quarter, electricity standing charges go up 13% and gas standing charges increase 6%.

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“The energy firms are taking us for April fools.

“As standing charges go up today, households will have to cut back on their energy use just to keep their bills the same. This means households continue to suffer as a few energy firms make billions in profits.

“These numbers may look like fantastic amounts to shareholders, but the reality is that these profits have caused pain and suffering among people living in fuel poverty for the last few years.”

Warm This Winter spokesperson Fiona Waters said:

“The public are beyond frustrated at being a cash machine for companies who use our broken energy system to cream as much profits as they can out of them, while hard working people are up to their eyeballs in energy debt and fat cat bosses splurge their excessive wealth on luxuries.

“This data should put to bed any final opposition to a proper Windfall Tax on energy firms which ministers must use to help people who are still paying 60 percent more than they were on their energy bills three years ago.

“We need to stop pandering to these profiteers and focus on expanding homegrown renewable energy and a mass programme of insulation to bring down energy bills for good.”

ENDS

[1] The data was compiled from publicly available accounts and financial statements, using the best available measure of company profits by a freelance city journalist. These measures differ from company to company due to reporting processes and regulatory requirements in different jurisdictions. In determining which measure of profitability to use, the research has prioritised the measure preferred in the company’s own accounts.

Table 1: GROUP RESULTS FOR FIRMS PROFITING FROM ENERGY CRISIS

COMPANY (profit type)	Financial Year (FY) ending in 2020	FY ending in 2021	FY ending in 2022	FY ending in 2023	FY ending in 2024 [interims where available]	TOTAL SINCE ENERGY BILLS CRISIS
SSE (Group – Pretax profit adjusted)	£1,023,400,000	£1,064,900,000	£1,164,000,000	£2,183,600,000	£565,200,000	£6,001,100,000
Cadent (Group – Operating profit)	£924,000,000	£901,000,000	£685,000,000	£945,000,000.00		£2,510,000,000
Electricity North West (Pre tax profit)	£87,000,000	£145,600,000	£64,800,000	£26,000,000	£195,000,000	£518,400,000
Northern Powergrid (Net income / earnings)	£158,790,000	£195,130,000	£304,150,000	£136,670,000		£794,740,000
National Gas Transmission (Operating profit)	£475,000,000	£484,000,000	£512,000,000	£619,000,000		£2,090,000,000
UK Power Networks (EBITDA)	£1,270,200,000	£1,294,300,000	£1,328,900,000	£1,410,400,000		£5,303,800,000
Northern Gas Networks (Group Operating Profit)	£213,246,000.00	£157,642,000.00	£151,142,000	£210,687,000		£361,829,000
SGN (Operating profits)	£600,600,000	£526,500,000	£364,300,000	£439,500,000		£1,930,900,000
Ovo Energy (Operating profits)	-£238,000,000	£367,000,000	-£1,582,000,000			-£1,453,000,000
Octopus Energy (Operating profits)	-£47,910,000	-£117,400,000	-£188,400,000	£243,300,000		-£110,410,000
Shell (Profit/Adjusted Earnings)	£3,828,340,000	£15,238,310,000	£31,497,300,000	£22,317,500,000	£11,628,800,000	£84,510,250,000
BP (Underlying Replacement Cost Profit (URCP))	-£4,495,100,000	£10,123,850,000	£21,845,870,000	£10,930,440,000		£38,405,060,000
Equinor (Adjusted Earnings)	£3,111,020,000	£26,453,940,000	£59,202,600,000	£28,613,800,000		£117,381,360,000
Centrica (Adjusted Operating Profit)	£447,000,000	£948,000,000	£3,308,000,000	£2,752,000,000		£7,455,000,000
National Grid (Statutory Pre-Tax Profit)	£1,754,000,000	£2,083,000,000	£3,441,000,000	£3,590,000,000	£1,371,000,000	£10,156,000,000
EDF (EBITDA)	£13,909,640,000	£15,484,300,000	-£4,287,960,000	£34,314,000,000	£13,851,160,000	£73,271,140,000
EON (EBITDA)	£5,938,300,000	£6,784,540,000	£6,930,740,000	£8,058,200,000		£27,711,780,000
Iberdrola (EBITDA)	£8,608,772,000	£10,324,902,000	£11,376,166,000	£12,398,620,000		£42,708,460,000
Drax (Group – pre tax profit)	-£235,000,000	£122,000,000	£78,000,000	£796,000,000		£761,000,000
Wales & West (pre tax profit)	-£24,400,000	£25,900,000	-£176,900,000	£263,100,000		£87,700,000
TOTAL PROFIT						£420,395,109,000.00

Table 2: RESULTS FOR FIRMS OR BUSINESS UNITS INVOLVED IN GAS AND ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSMISSION (i.e. network costs)

COMPANY	Type	FY ending in 2020	FY ending in 2021	FY ending in 2022	FY ending in 2023	FY ending in 2024 [interims where available]	TOTAL SINCE ENERGY BILLS CRISIS
SSE	E Transmission	£218,100,000.00	£220,900,000.00	£380,500,000.00	£372,700,000.00	£215,600,000.00	£1,407,800,000.00
SSE	E Distribution	£356,300,000.00	£267,300,000.00	£351,800,000.00	£382,400,000.00	£120,100,000.00	£1,477,900,000.00
Cadent	G Transmission & Distribution	£924,000,000.00	£901,000,000.00	£685,000,000.00	£945,000,000.00		£2,510,000,000.00
Electricity North West	E Distribution	£87,000,000.00	£145,600,000.00	£64,800,000.00	£26,000,000.00	£195,000,000.00	£518,400,000.00
Northern Powergrid	E Distribution	£158,790,000.00	£195,130,000.00	£304,150,000.00	£136,670,000.00		£794,740,000.00
National Gas	G Transmission & Distribution	£475,000,000.00	£484,000,000.00	£512,000,000.00	£619,000,000.00		£2,090,000,000.00
UK Power Networks	E Distribution	£1,270,200,000.00	£1,294,300,000.00	£1,328,900,000.00	£1,410,400,000.00		£5,303,800,000.00
Northern Gas Networks	G Transmission & Distribution	£213,246,000.00	£157,642,000.00	£151,142,000.00	£210,687,000.00		£361,829,000.00
SGN	G Transmission & Distribution	£543,000,000.00	£509,000,000.00	£339,000,000.00	£452,000,000.00	£256,000,000.00	£2,099,000,000.00
National Grid	E Transmission	£1,316,000,000.00	£1,027,000,000.00	£1,055,000,000.00	£993,000,000.00	£838,000,000.00	£5,229,000,000.00
National Grid	G Transmission & Distribution	£347,000,000.00	£337,000,000.00	£637,000,000.00	£715,000,000.00		£2,036,000,000.00
National Grid	E Distribution			£909,000,000.00	£1,069,000,000.00	£472,000,000.00	£2,450,000,000.00
National Grid	E Systems					£443,000,000.00	£443,000,000.00
SP Energy Networks	E Distribution	£860,000,000.00	£905,408,000.00	£940,238,000.00	£1,059,348,000.00		£3,764,994,000.00
Wales & West	G Distribution	-£24,400,000.00	£25,900,000.00	-£176,900,000.00	£263,100,000.00		£87,700,000.00
						TOTAL PROFIT	£30,486,463,000.00
						Cost per household	£1,051.26

Data as at 26 March 2024.

The data was compiled by freelance business journalist David Craik. David’s experience has included writing business and city news and features for national newspapers and magazines such as The Daily Mirror, Sunday Times, Wall Street Journal, Scotsman and Daily Express. Much of his content focuses on company financial results and reports in the energy sector and on personal finance issues including wealth management, property, investing and managing household budgets and bills. If any firm wishes to correct the records below, please email info@endfuelpoverty.org.uk.

Customers set for £1.3bn bill for energy debt charges

Households will be paying energy firms a combined £1.3bn in annual charges to help suppliers recover bad debt from 1 April.

A new report from the Warm This Winter campaign also casts doubt on the effectiveness of the charges in actually helping customers struggling with their bills. [1]

Energy firms were already able to charge £842m a year on bills for bad debt allowances, but from 1 April 2024 Ofgem has ruled that an additional £735m can be charged (or £28 per household per year). The amounts are offset by a £275m adjustment to the bad debt charges incurred after the Covid pandemic.

The combined impact of these charges varies depending on the bill type with prepayment meter customers paying the least at £25.17 per household per year. Direct debit customers pay £38.96 a year on these charges while standard credit customers are hit hardest paying £129.71.

The report also reveals that “debt-related costs” consist of three main elements: bad debt write offs, debt related administrative costs and working capital. It appears unclear if these write offs will come off customers’ accounts, or if they are written off on supplier income statements while the debt is sold to debt collection agencies.

In addition, the debt related administrative costs and working capital include recouping the costs of the moratorium on involuntary prepayment meter installations. The moratorium was brought in after it was found energy firms were breaking into vulnerable people’s homes to force them onto a prepayment meter.

Firms can also claim for the administrative costs to suppliers from dealing with customers in debt, despite other allowances in the price cap enabling them to cover operating costs. The allowances also allow firms to claim for the day-to-day costs of customer arrears and using the money to cover the period between an energy firm incurring costs and receiving customer payments.

The news has been met with concern from consumers, with new polling from Opinium finding that over half (55%) of the public oppose energy firms using money raised through the additional £28 per household being spent on debt administrative costs. [2]

The public felt that around half (48%) of the money raised from the £28 debt charge should be spent writing off household energy debt of the customer accounts of those most in need.

Fiona Waters, spokesperson for the Warm This Winter campaign commented:

“Energy bill payers are quite rightly up in arms about these additional costs which look like they do nothing to reduce the debt of ordinary people but instead help energy companies pursue those who simply can’t pay.

“It’s yet another outrageous rip off caused by our broken energy system, where ordinary people are expected to foot the bill all the time whilst energy giants bank billions and their bosses live in the lap of luxury.

“We need long term solutions such as expanding homegrown renewable energy and a mass programme of insulation to bring down energy bills for good so UK families no longer find themselves in debt through no fault of their own and are hounded for payments.”

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, said:

“The recovery of energy debt led to the forced prepayment meters scandal in 2023 and customers are still paying the price for energy firms’ poor practices.

“Rather than hit hard pressed households with higher standing charges, we need to see a longer-term approach to solving the energy debt mountain, such as an industry wide Help To Repay scheme.

“If Ofgem persists in implementing this charge, the very least they can do is ensure it is used to write off debts from customer accounts and isn’t spent on hiring debt collection agencies.”

Policy expert and report author Richard Winstone, added:

“Ofgem produced over 350 pages of documentation to reach a conclusion that will cost the public hundreds of millions of pounds extra this year with no clear benefit for consumers. They pack their documents with complicated jargon and formulae, yet they could not find room for a simple explanation as to how this money will actually benefit those struggling with their energy bills.

“Throwing money at suppliers and hoping they do the right thing is what has led to record profit levels from the likes of British Gas at a time when customer service standards are at their lowest for a decade and customer debt is at its highest. Ofgem either needs to stop increasing the cost to consumers or start creating regulation that ensures suppliers use the additional funds for specific, consumer-benefitting, purposes.”

Jan Shortt, General Secretary of the National Pensioners Convention, commented:

“As always, it is the customer that pays, not the shareholders or energy industry who are currently making the biggest profits for years. Sustainable and affordable energy sources are a must and the regulator should consider how it can protect customers from this unacceptable level of levy when everyone is still struggling with high energy bills.”

ENDS

[1] “An overview of the additional debt related costs”, Richard Winstone / Warm This Winter, March 2024. Full report available to download.

[2] Public opinion polling from Opinium who interviewed 2,000 people between 15 and 19 March 2024. Results were weighted to be representative of the UK population.

55% oppose using the money to cover admin costs, 25% support, 20% don’t know.

48% figure is based on respondents choosing a range of percentages to be used to write off debt. The figure includes the responses from 16% who felt none of the money should be used in this way, 16% felt all of the money raised should be used in this way.

Hikes in gas network costs see vampire funds profit from energy crisis

British households are boosting the profits of Chinese and Qatari Government-backed funds, which are among the groups benefiting from a 38% increase in the costs of running the country’s gas network.

A new report from the Warm This Winter campaign and Future Energy Associates has examined the ownership and revenue streams of firms running the nation’s gas infrastructure. [1]

The cost of running the gas network is charged to customers through gas unit costs and standing charges. The estimated price each household contributes has risen from £118.53 a year in 2021 to £163.69 a year from 1 April 2024 (a 38% increase). [2]

Unit costs are also driven by wholesale gas costs. Gas unit costs paid by households more than tripled at the height of the energy bills crisis and even after the latest Ofgem price cap change, every unit of gas remains 73% above 2021 levels. The daily gas standing charges customers face have also continued to increase and will not peak until the coming months, reaching 15% above 2021 levels from 1 April 2024. [3]

Of the significant owners of gas infrastructure operators, just one company is headquartered in the UK [4]. Among the 12 other owners are the sovereign wealth funds of Qatar and China, investment firms from Australia, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong and the USA alongside additional Australian and Canadian pension funds.

Among the firms profiting from the misery of increased energy bills is Macquarie, the Australian finance giant at the centre of recent Southern Water and Thames Water scandals. [5]

Macquaire co-owns 80% of National Gas, the national gas network as well as part-owning the UK’s largest regional gas distribution network company, Cadent, which supplies gas to 11 million homes.

The report sets out that Gas Distribution Networks (GDNs) operate as natural monopolies and that the complexity in negotiations between the regulator and the firms risks tilting the balance in favour of the industry, potentially leading to excess profits at the expense of consumers.

Among the criticisms of the negotiation process are the reliance on long-term cost forecasting, informational advantage firms hold over their costs and their ability to hire expensive lobbyists and consultants which poses a risk of regulatory decisions favouring the industry, resulting in unjustifiably high prices for consumers and excess profits for the companies.

Starting from 2026, energy consumers could also face an annual bill increase of up to £43 to fund the decommissioning of the gas network, as highlighted in a new Ofgem consultation on price controls for gas and electricity transmission networks.

Fiona Waters, spokesperson for the Warm This Winter campaign, which commissioned the report said:

“Once again the British public is being gaslighted by an opaque and broken energy system which sees huge amounts of obscene profits going overseas and inflates bills for ordinary people who are still paying 60% more than they did three years ago.

“Families, pensioners, children and the poor are freezing as energy companies generate billions of pounds in profit each and every week.”

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition, commented:

“This murky web of international investors with deep pockets and influence are heaping pain on the nation’s households.

“The regulator is operating with one hand tied behind its back and it needs to be given powers to ensure that the firms that operate our gas network do so in the best interests of the public, not their shadowy owners.

“Ultimately, this is an industry that is dying on its feet as we move toward cleaner, safer heating systems for our homes. But we should not let these vampire funds suck cash out of hard working families’ pockets as they decommission the network.”

Dylan Johnson from Future Energy Associates commented:

“Government regulation is crucial to control the prices charged by these companies, ensuring efficiency and security of supply without unfairly burdening consumers.

“This regulatory process involves negotiations between the companies, who aim to maximise their profits, and regulators, tasked with balancing affordable consumer prices with the need for efficient and reliable service.

“At the moment the balance is not right and the regulator needs to take a stronger stance in negotiations.”

Jonathan Bean, from Fuel Poverty Action said:

“It’s frightening that the Government has let a notorious investor take control of a large chunk of our energy infrastructure. It means higher energy bills for us all.”

The report makes several recommendations for Ofgem to consider, including proposals to deliver immediate consumer rebates by network companies to address profits not in consumers’ interests and the use of real market data instead of long-term forecasts.

The report also finds that consumer bodies should be empowered to request price control reviews in cases of excessive financial returns and ensuring balanced representation of consumer interests in regulatory decisions.

ENDS

This news story relates to England, Scotland and Wales only.

[1] Warm This Winter Tariff Watch: Gas Networks Report (March 2024): Download the full report.

[2] The Bank of England inflation calculator suggests that a solely inflationary linked increase in these costs would be from £118 to £139 – 18% increase.

[3] End Fuel Poverty Coalition records: https://www.endfuelpoverty.org.uk/about-fuel-poverty/ofgem-price-cap/

[4] Gas network owners:

The gas transmission network (described as the “motorway of the gas network”) is run by National Gas, which is owned by a consortium 80% of Macquarie Asset Management, British Columbia Investment Management Corporation, and National Grid plc (20%).

Macquarie Group, an Australian powerhouse in the financial services sector which also controls parts of the UK water and sewage network, has emerged as a dominant force in the global infrastructure sphere, most notably through its ownership of National Gas in the UK. The British Columbia Investment Management Corporation (BCI) is a pivotal but relatively obscure financial institution managing the pensions of about 525,000 British Columbians. National Grid is one of the world’s largest utilities firms and is listed on the London stock exchange.

The gas distribution network (described as the “local roads of the gas network”) is ultimately owned by eleven firms:

Entity	Type of firm (HQ)	GDN Ownership Relevance
Qatar Investment Authority	Sovereign wealth fund (Qatar)	Owns stakes in critical infrastructure, including gas sectors.
Macquarie Asset Management	Investment Manager (Australia)	Macquarie invests and manages large numbers of global assets with a strong focus on infrastructure.
Hermes Investment Management	Private company – investment management (USA*)	Investment Management firm that invests in a broad range of low risk assets.
China Investment Corporation	Sovereign wealth fund (China)	Involved in owning critical infrastructure, focusing on energy sectors.
Allianz Capital Partners	Private company – asset management (Germany)	Specialises in infrastructure and renewable energy investments.
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners	Public company – infrastructure management (Canada)	Owns diversified infrastructure assets, including utilities.
Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board	Pension fund (Canada)	Invests in a variety of sectors, including infrastructure, with a focus on stable, long-term returns.
Global Infrastructure Partners	Private company – investment (USA)	Manages a broad range of infrastructure assets; recent acquisition by BlackRock raises profile.
CK Hutchison Holdings & Affiliates	Public company – conglomerate (Hong Kong / Cayman Islands)	Owns a significant stake in utilities through multinational conglomerate structure.
Power Assets Holdings	See above (Hong Kong)	Part of the CK group, focuses on electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.
State Super	Pension fund (Australia)	Invests in critical infrastructure, including significant stakes in the aviation sector.
* Hermes Investment Management (registered in the UK) is owned by Federated Hermes, a US-based investment manager.

[5] Described by critics as a “vampire kangaroo”, in 2022, Southern faced allegations of “environmental vandalism” for releasing untreated sewage continuously for over 3,700 hours at 83 bathing water beaches in just the first eight days of November. The repercussions of a substantial debt load and potentially insufficient investment during the Australian company’s ownership of Thames Water continue to linger, with ongoing incidents of sewage leaks contaminating waterways, impacting farms and residences, and causing harm to wildlife years after the company divested its remaining stake in Thames Water.

Fuel poverty statistics reveal households hit hard by energy bills crisis

New data published by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero has revealed that a surge in the numbers of households spending more than 10% of their income on energy in England.

The number of households who are required to spend more than 10% of their income after housing costs on domestic energy has risen to 36.4% of households (8.9 million households) up from 27.4% in 2022 (6.7 million).

Meanwhile, the average fuel poverty gap (which measures the additional money a household would need to be lifted out of fuel poverty) has increased by 66% between 2020 and 2023 in real terms, due to rising energy prices.

E3G UK energy lead, Juliet Phillips, explained that for those already in fuel poverty, things have got significantly harder:

“It is shameful that in a country as wealthy as England, so many households cannot afford to heat their homes to a healthy and comfortable level. New statistics show that no progress has been made in reducing fuel poverty rates in the past year, and that for those struggling to pay their energy bills, things have gotten a lot worst.

“We have seen a concerning inertia from the government over the last year on action to upgrade homes. This included a U-turn on the planned increase in energy efficiency standards in the private rented sector, and a significant under-delivery of the retrofit schemes designed to alleviate fuel poverty.

“If the UK is to have any chance of meeting its statutory target to end fuel poverty by 2030, a long-term plan is needed to rebuild confidence in supply chains: backed by investment and regulations to drive action to deliver warmer homes across the country.”

The statistics also show that households in the private rented sector are at the highest risk of fuel poverty. This follows Rishi Sunak’s U-turn on the planned uplift to minimum efficiency standards in the sector last year.

Jonathan Bean, spokesperson for Fuel Poverty Action, commented:

“Fuel poverty rates are highest in private rentals so the Government’s lack of commitment to improved standards will continue to harm millions.

“In addition, electric-only homes have the highest fuel poverty rates due to the four times higher price of electricity compared to gas, due to our rigged energy market which the Government and Ofgem have failed to reform.

“It is time to admit Government and Ofgem policies have completely failed, and a more radical solution to fuel poverty is needed – Energy For All. This would eradicate fuel poverty now, rather than allowing millions to suffer in cold damp homes for another decade.”

The statistics show that there were an estimated 13.0 per cent of households (3.17 million) in fuel poverty in England under Ministers’ preferred measure of fuel poverty, known as the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) metric in 2023. This number is effectively unchanged from 13.1 per cent in 2022 (3.18 million).

A spokesperson for the End Fuel Poverty Coalition explained the limitations of this metric:

“Even these terrible figures don’t paint the true picture of the suffering in households across the UK.

“They exclude millions of homes in certain energy performance categories, fail to take into account soaring energy costs and also don’t include many people who actually get a Warm Home Discount to help with their bills.

“The reality is that household energy debt is at record levels, millions of people are living in cold damp homes and children are suffering in mouldy conditions.

“The wider impact of high energy bills is also clear to see with households having to cut back on spending so much that the UK has now entered a recession.”

Nearly 1 in five households in the West Midlands are classed as fuel poor. Meanwhile, in the South West, it would take an extra £634 to lift homes out of fuel poverty.

The latest National Energy Action (NEA) Fuel Poverty Monitor, developed with Energy Action Scotland and Gemserv, highlighted over 3 million UK households could be left in fuel poverty by the end of the decade, despite a legal requirement for no households in England to be living in fuel poverty by 2030.

Adam Scorer, Chief Executive of National Energy Action, added:

“At this rate, the government will miss its 2030 legal fuel poverty target by a country mile and millions will be stuck unable to afford to keep their homes and their families warm and well.”

New polling by YouGov for NEA shows that three in 10 (30%) GB adults say their household has found it difficult to afford to pay their energy bills in the past three months.

This has driven many to drastic ‘not coping strategies’ with 59% of British adults saying they had turned their thermostat down lower than they wanted, while 52% turned their heating off, even though it was cold inside the house.